Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Building and Energy Management System Strategies for a Hotel Chiller Plant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51988/jtsc.v7i4.731Keywords:
Life-Cycle Cost, HVAC, Building Management System, Energy Management System, Net Present ValueAbstract
This study addresses the economic decision gap between a first-stage building management system (BMS) retrofit and a subsequent energy management system (EMS) addition in a hotel chiller plant. Using Hotel X operational records, explicitly reconstructed inputs, and declared modeling assumptions, three strategies were compared: existing operation (S0), BMS (S1), and BMS–EMS integration (S2). The contribution is a sequential 15-year life-cycle cost assessment (6% discount rate; constant prices) that applies the incremental EMS saving to residual post-BMS energy and charges only additional EMS costs, preventing double counting. Modeled electricity demand is 700,555.753, 630,500.178, and 598,975.169 kWh/year, respectively. The locked Base-case present-value costs are IDR 9.075, 8.692, and 8.708 billion, with S1 lowest despite S2 having the lowest modeled energy consumption. The 50% baseline chiller allocation and assumed technology savings are not independently metered outcomes. S1 is the preferred Base-case first stage; any EMS extension should be reassessed with site-verified incremental performance and procurement costs.
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